CHARACTERISTIC
OF NEO CLASSICA L
(Flourished
1770-1830)
Neoclassicism -
Characteristics
Neoclassical
works (paintings and sculptures) were serious, unemotional, and sternly heroic.
Neoclassical painters depicted subjects from Classical literature and history,
as used in earlier Greek art and Republican Roman art, using sombre colours with occasional
brilliant highlights, to convey moral narratives of self-denial and
self-sacrifice fully in keeping with the supposed ethical superiority of
Antiquity. Neoclassical sculpture dealt with the same subjects, and was more
restrained than the more theatrical Baroque sculpture, less whimsical than the
indulgent Rococo. Neoclassical architecture was more ordered and less grandiose
than Baroque, although the dividing line between the two can sometines be
blurred. It bore a close external resemblance to the Greek Orders of architecture, with one obvious
exception - there were no domes in ancient Greece. Most roofs were flat.
CHARACTERISTIC
OF ROMANTICSM
(c.1770-1920)
Characteristics
|
Romantic
Characteristic
|
Description of
Characteristic
|
|
Interest in the
common man and
childhood
|
Romantics believed in the natural
goodness of
humans which is hindered by the
urban life of
civilization. They believed that
the savage is noble,
childhood is g
ood and the emotions inspired by
both beliefs causes the heart to
soa
|
|
Strong senses,
emotions, and
feelings
|
Romantics believed that knowledge
is gained
through intuition rather than
deduction. This is
best summed up by Wordsworth who
stated that
“all g
ood poetry is the spontaneous
overflow of
powerful feelings.”
|
|
|
|
|
Awe of nature
|
Romantics s
tressed the awe of nature in art
and
language and the experience of
sublimity through
a connection with nature.
Romantics rejected the
rationalization of nature by the
previous thinkers
of the Enlightenment period
|
|
Celebration of the
individual
|
Romantics often elevated the
achievements of the
misunderstood
,
heroic individual outcast.
|
|
Importance of
imagination
|
Romantics legitimized the
individual imagination as
a crit
ical authority
|
CHARACTERISTIC OF
IMPRESSIONISM
Main Characteristic of Impressionism
The
Impressionists' main priorities included: (1) the immediate and optically
accurate depiction of a momentary scene; (2) the execution of the whole work in
the open air (no more preparatory sketches and careful completion in the
studio); (3) the use of pure colour on the canvas, rather than being first
mixed on the palette; (4) the use of small strokes and dabs of
brightly-coloured paint; and (5) the use of light and colour to unify a
picture, instead of the traditional method of gradually building up a painting
by outline and modelling with light and shade. For more, see: Characteristics of Impressionist
Painting
(1870-1910).
The
roots of Impressionism lay in the naturalism of Camille Corot
(1796-1875) and the plein-air painting methods of the early 19th century Barbizon school led by Theodore
Rousseau (1812-67). Impressionists specialized in landscapes and genre scenes
(eg. Degas' pictures of ballet dancers and Renoir's nude figures). Portrait art
was another popular genre among Impressionist painters - it was after all one
of their few regular sources of income - and still-lifes were also painted.
Characteristics of Impressionism:
Visible brush
strokes and thick paint (impasto)
Emphasis on changing light- one
painting might show multiple angles and brightness of sunlight.
Capturing everyday life, ordinary
subject matter, and the outdoors.
Sense of
movement.
No mixed colors- colors were mixed
on the canvas making them more vibrant.
No black or pure white- all light
and shadows are made up of colors.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ART NOUVEAU
There
is no single definition or meaning of Art Nouveau. But the following are
distinguishing factors. (1) Art Nouveau philosophy was in favour of applying
artistic designs to everyday objects, in order to make beautiful things
available to everyone. No object was too utilitarian to be
"beautified". (2) Art Nouveau saw no separation in principle between
fine art (painting and sculpture) and applied or decorative arts (ceramics,
furniture, and other practical objects). (3) In content, the style was a
reaction to a world of art which was dominated by the precise geometry of
Neoclassical forms. It sought a new graphic design language, as far away as possible
from the historical and classical models employed by the arts academies. (4)
Art Nouveau remains something of an umbrella term which embraces a variety of
stylistic interpretations: some artists used new low-cost materials and mass
production methods while others used more expensive materials and valued high
craftsmanship.
Characteristics and motifs
Whiplash curve and sinuous line
Stylised flora and fauna
Natural, organic, fluid form
Rich decorative pattern
Dragonflies, peacocks, greyhounds,
snakes, vines,
irises, daffodils
Beautiful women with flowing locks
The Art Nouveau Movement
Influenced
Glassware and ceramics
Jewellery
Product design
Graphics
Architecture
Neoclassicism
Neoclassical
works (paintings and sculptures) were serious, unemotional, and sternly heroic.
Neoclassical painters depicted subjects from Classical literature and history,
as used in earlier Greek art and Republican Roman art, using sombre colours with occasional
brilliant highlights, to convey moral narratives of self-denial and
self-sacrifice fully in keeping with the supposed ethical superiority of
Antiquity. Neoclassical sculpture dealt with the same subjects, and was more
restrained than the more theatrical Baroque sculpture, less whimsical than the
indulgent Rococo. Neoclassical architecture was more ordered and less grandiose
than Baroque, although the dividing line between the two can sometines be
blurred. It bore a close external resemblance to the Greek Orders of architecture, with one obvious
exception - there were no domes in ancient Greece.
Compositional characteristics of
neoclassical paintings:
Planemetric — main objects are shown parallel to
the picture plane.
Picture Plane — the actual two-dimensional
surface of a wall or canvas
Picture Space — the illusion of
three-dimensional space created on a two-dimensional surface.
Central Focal Point — located on the central axis. Th is results in
symmetrical balance, also called formal balance. Formal balance creates a
static composition and lends a timeless quality to the art.
Compositional Shapes — stable,
static shapes that organize the various elements of the composition.
Stable triangle
Dominant horizontal and vertical
lines that sometimes interlock to form a grid.
Architectural backgrounds featuring
the elements associated with classical architecture, such as arches and domes.
Closed Composition—all eye paths
lead back to the central focal point.
References
Ø
Other net survey.
See also
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